Frits Bolkestein, of the right-wing Liberal party, the VVD, admitted it in a straightforward and open fashion. It was his life's ambition to become a European Commissioner, an ambition which he fulfilled. With the formation in 1998 of the second 'Purple' government – so-called because it mixed the red of Labour with the blue of the 'Liberal' VVD - he insisted that he be appointed the Netherlands' European Commissioner. In post, he devised the Services Directive, also known as the Bolkestein Directive. As a result of this measure, service providers from all over Europe can compete with each other in a race to the bottom over working conditions.
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